Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Upper & Lower Motor Neuron Lesions

A photo says a thousand words - Also known as lou gehrig's disease

Nephrolithiasis - Kidney stones

  Nephrolithiasis

Allergic Interstitial Nephritis

Allergic Interstitial Nephritis

Etiology :

70 % of cases due to adverse effect to medications

Drugs

1.Penicillins
2.Cephalosporins
3.Sulfa drugs
4.Allopurinol
5.Rifampin
6.Quinolones.

it happens from the first dose.As compared to Aminoglycosides take 5-10 days.
Infections (viruses,bacteria or fungi).Most common causes includes

1.Leptospirosis
2.Legionella
3.CMV
4.Rickettsia
5.Streptococci

Autoimmune disease

1.SLE
2.Sjogren syndrome
3.Sarcoidosis
4.Cryoglobulinemia

Dx: 

1.Rash
2.Fever
3.Joint pain
4.Eosinophilia
5.Increased serum IgE

Best initial test-urinalysis

1.Eosinophiluria (Wright or Giemsa stain)
2.Hematuria
3.Proteinuria (<2g hrs="" p="">
Most accurate test

1.Biopsy
2.Rarely performed

Rx
1.Stop the offending agent
2.+/- corticosteroids

Case: Left Renal Calculus (Renal Stones)

H/O left pyelolithiasis 17 year

H/O Right Nephrectomy 14 year with Tubular Pyonephrosis

B.P 140/85

USG :

shows Mild dilatation of all Calyces of Left Kidney with 1.1 cm echogenic shadow -> Lower calyx.

Liver, Gallbladder, Bile ducts, Spleen and Urinary Bladder are normal .

Right Kidney is absent .

Case 1 :Mild Hydronephrosis with Proximal hydroureter