Urinary Incontinence and its types (Stress , Urge , Overflow , Bypass & Irritative)

Difference Between Osler's Node and Janeway Lesions (Infective Endocarditis)

INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS 

Osler's Nodes : Painful Nodules on Finger tip and Toes (Immunologic phenomena)

Janeway Lesions : Macular Erythematous non tender lesion on Palms and Soles . (Vascular phenomena)

Skin conditions and important associations

Acanthosis nigricans -- Insulin resistance (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome), Gastrointestinal malignancy

Multiple skin tags   -- Insulin resistance , Pregnancy and Crohn disease (perianal)

Porphyria cutanea tarda
Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (palpable purpura) secondary to cryoglobulinemia, Lichen planus --
Hepatitis C

Dermatitis herpetiformis  -- Celiac disease

Sudden-onset severe psoriasis 
Recurrent herpes zoster 
Disseminated molluscum contagiosum   -- HIV infection

Severe seborrheic dermatitis  -- HIV infection and Parkinson disease

Explosive onset of multiple itchy seborrheic keratosis -- GI malignancy

Pyoderma gangrenosum -- IBD (inflammatory bowel disease)

Vitiligo -- other autoimmune conditions such as Celiac disease, Pernicious anemia , autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, primary adrenal insufficiency, hypopituitarism, and alopecia areata.

Differential diagnosis of elevated CPK (Creatine phosphokinase)

Differential diagnosis of elevated CPK

• HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors (statins), 
• Autoimmune disease (polymyositis / dermatomyositis) 
• Muscular dystrophies (like Duchenne muscular dystrophy). 
• Hypothyroid myopathy. 

Factors Causing Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia

Factors Causing Hyperkalemia 

• Acidosis
• ACEI
• Beta-Blockers (Propanolol)
• Digitalis toxicity 
• Succinylcholine
• Renal Failure
• Mineralocorticoid deficiency (Hypoaldosteronism)
• Potassium-Sparing Diuretics (Spironolactone,Triamterene,Amiloride)
• Rhabdomyolysis 

Factors Causing Hypokalemia 

• Loop and Thiazide Diuretics
• Osmotic Diuretics
• Mineralocorticoid (Hyperaldosteronism)
• Alkalosis
• Insulin
• Beta-2 agonists(Albuterol)
• Eating disorder
• Diarrhea, Vomiting
• Laxatives
• ATN - recovery phase
• Elderly patients.