Early vs Late Congenital Syphilis

Early congenital syphilis :

• Non - immune hydrops
• Macerated skin 
• Thrombocytopenia

Late congenital syphilis :

• Hutchinson teeth
• Mulberry molars
• Saber shins

Clinical Manifestations of Congenital Infections

Clinical Manifestations of Congenital Infections 

Highlight on 

CMV : Petechiae

Toxo : Chorioretinitis & Cranial Calcifications

Congenital Pyloric Stenois - Important Signs

1.  String sign: thin column of barium leaking through the tightened muscle
2. Shoulder sign: filling defect in the antrum due to prolapse of muscle inward
3.  Mushroom sign: hypertrophic pylorus against the duodenum
4. Railroad track sign: excess mucosa in the pyloric lumen resulting in 2 columns of barium.

Abnormal Pulses and Possible Etiologies

Abnormal Pulses 

Pulsus alternans: sign of left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Pulsus bigeminus: sign of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
(HOCM)

Pulsus bisferiens: in aortic regurgitation

Pulsus tardus et parvus: aortic stenosis

Pulsus paradoxus: cardiac tamponade and tension pneumothorax

Irregularly irregular: atrial fibrillation

PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) dependent Congenital Heart Diseases

• COA (coarctation of aorta)

• D-TGA (d-transposition of the great arteries)

• Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

• TAPVR (total anomalous pulmonary venous return)

• Tricuspid atresia

Asthma Severity and Treatment

Asthma management